{"id":128,"date":"2025-03-31T10:54:16","date_gmt":"2025-03-31T02:54:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zd1269878.noblogs.org\/?p=128"},"modified":"2025-10-21T10:32:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T02:32:08","slug":"%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%82%b9%e6%b1%87%e6%80%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zd1269878.noblogs.org\/en-US\/post\/2025\/03\/31\/%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae%e5%ba%93%e7%9f%a5%e8%af%86%e7%82%b9%e6%b1%87%e6%80%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u6c47\u603b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u7eea\u8bba<\/strong>
1.1 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong>
\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\uff08Data\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u7b49\uff09\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08DB\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5408\u3002
\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u5197\u4f59\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u6613\u6269\u5c55\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09<\/strong>
\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u64cd\u7eb5\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u7b49\u3002
\u4f4d\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBS\uff09<\/strong>
\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93 + DBMS + \u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf + \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff08DBA\uff09\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong>
\u4eba\u5de5\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff0820\u4e16\u7eaa40-50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\u3002
\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff0850-60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5197\u4f59\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5dee\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff0860\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff09\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5f3a\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u70b9<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\uff08\u9762\u5411\u5168\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\uff09\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u5197\u4f59\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u6613\u6269\u5145\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u9ad8\uff08\u7269\u7406\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff09\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u7531DBMS\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6062\u590d\uff09\u3002

1.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong>
\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u6a21\u578b\uff09\uff1a\u6309\u7528\u6237\u89c6\u89d2\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5982E-R\u6a21\u578b\u3002
\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff08\u673a\u5668\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\uff1a\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7f51\u72b6\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u3002
\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u8981\u7d20<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3002
\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002
\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\uff08E-R\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08Entity\uff09\uff1a\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff09\u3002
\u5c5e\u6027\uff08Attribute\uff09\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u53f7\u3001\u59d3\u540d\uff09\u3002
\u7801\uff08Key\uff09\uff1a\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u96c6\u3002
\u8054\u7cfb\uff08Relationship\uff09\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff081:1\u30011:N\u3001M:N\uff09\u3002
E-R\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u6cd5<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1a\u77e9\u5f62\u6846\uff1b\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u692d\u5706\uff1b\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u83f1\u5f62\uff08\u6807\u6ce8\u8054\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002
\u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>
\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>
\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u8054\u7cfb\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u3002
\u7f51\u72b6\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>
\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u96be\u638c\u63e1\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>
\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u8868\uff08\u884c\uff1a\u5143\u7ec4\uff1b\u5217\uff1a\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u3002
\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5206\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\uff09\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u3002
\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002

1.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>
\u4e09\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>
\u5916\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5b50\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89c6\u56fe\uff08\u5982\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\uff09\u3002
\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u6570\u636e\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09\u3002
\u5185\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u8def\u5f84\uff09\u3002
\u4e8c\u7ea7\u6620\u50cf\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/strong>
\u5916\u6a21\u5f0f\/\u6a21\u5f0f\u6620\u50cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u903b\u8f91\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff08\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u5916\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff09\u3002
\u6a21\u5f0f\/\u5185\u6a21\u5f0f\u6620\u50cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7269\u7406\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff08\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff09\u3002

1.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u6210<\/strong>
\u786c\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b58\u50a8\u8bbe\u5907\uff08\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u78c1\u5e26\uff09\u3001\u9ad8\u901f\u901a\u9053\u3002
\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/strong>\uff1aDBMS\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u4eba\u5458<\/strong>
DBA<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\u3002
\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u5458\/\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u5458<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002
\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f00\u53d1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u3002
\u7528\u6237<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5076\u7136\u7528\u6237\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7528\u6237\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7528\u6237\uff09\u3002

1.5 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4e09\u7ea7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e3b\u6d41\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u4e0e\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56DBMS\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>
2.1 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>
\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840<\/strong>
\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Relation\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u884c\uff08\u5143\u7ec4\uff09\u548c\u5217\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u4ee3\u6570\u7406\u8bba\u6784\u5efa\u3002
\u57df\uff08Domain\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u53d6\u503c\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u5982\u6574\u6570\u3001\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6027\u522b\u96c6\u5408{\u7537, \u5973}\u7b49\uff09\u3002
\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef<\/strong>\uff1a\u57df\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef\u662f\u6240\u6709\u57df\u503c\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4<\/strong>\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u96c6\u5408\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>
\u5c5e\u6027\uff08Attribute\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8868\u7684\u5217\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002
\u7801\uff08Key\uff09<\/strong>
\u5019\u9009\u7801<\/strong>\uff1a\u80fd\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5c5e\u6027\u7ec4\u3002
\u4e3b\u7801<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u5019\u9009\u7801\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u5143\u7ec4\u3002
\u5916\u7801\uff08Foreign Key\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e3b\u7801\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u7ec4\uff09\u3002
\u5168\u7801\uff08All-Key\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u6210\u5019\u9009\u7801\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6027\u8d28<\/strong>
\u5217\u540c\u8d28\u6027\uff08\u6bcf\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u3002
\u5143\u7ec4\u552f\u4e00\u6027\uff08\u65e0\u91cd\u590d\u884c\uff09\u3002
\u5206\u91cf\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5206\uff09\u3002
\u884c\u5217\u987a\u5e8f\u65e0\u5173\u6027\uff08\u987a\u5e8f\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u3002

2.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>
\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>
\u67e5\u8be2\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u03c3\uff09\u3001\u6295\u5f71\uff08\u03c0\uff09\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u22c8\uff09\u3001\u9664\uff08\u00f7\uff09\u3001\u5e76\uff08\u222a\uff09\u3001\u5dee\uff08\u2212\uff09\u3001\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef\uff08\u00d7\uff09\u3002
\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3002
\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u5747\u4e3a\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u5982\u5e76\u3001\u4ea4\u3001\u5dee\uff09\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong>
\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee3\u6570\u8fd0\u7b97\uff08\u5982ISBL\uff09\u3002
\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u7b97\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u8c13\u8bcd\u903b\u8f91\uff08\u5982\u5143\u7ec4\u6f14\u7b97\u8bed\u8a00ALPHA\u3001\u57df\u6f14\u7b97\u8bed\u8a00QBE\uff09\u3002
SQL<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570\u4e0e\u6f14\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u3002

2.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u7801\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u7a7a\u503c\uff08NULL\uff09\u3002
\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u53ef\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u3002
\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u5916\u7801\u503c\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u7a7a\u503c\uff0c\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u88ab\u53c2\u7167\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u7801\u503c\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\u8868\u7684\u201c\u4e13\u4e1a\u53f7\u201d\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u7528\u4e13\u4e1a\u8868\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u53f7\u3002
\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u5982\u8bfe\u7a0b\u8868\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u5206\u201d\u53ea\u80fd\u53d61-4\u7684\u6574\u6570\uff09\u3002
\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7DBMS\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982\u975e\u7a7a\u3001\u552f\u4e00\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u7ea6\u675f\uff09\u3002

2.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570<\/strong>
\u57fa\u672c\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong>
\u9009\u62e9\uff08\u03c3\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u6761\u4ef6\u7b5b\u9009\u5143\u7ec4\uff08\u5982\u03c3_\u5e74\u9f84>20(\u5b66\u751f)\uff09\u3002
\u6295\u5f71\uff08\u03c0\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u7279\u5b9a\u5217\uff08\u5982\u03c0_\u59d3\u540d,\u5e74\u9f84(\u5b66\u751f)\uff09\u3002
\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef\uff08\u00d7\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408\u4e24\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u3002
\u5e76\uff08\u222a\uff09\u3001\u5dee\uff08\u2212\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u8981\u6c42\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u540c\uff09\u3002
\u6269\u5c55\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong>
\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u22c8\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6761\u4ef6\u5408\u5e76\u5143\u7ec4\uff08\u5982\u7b49\u503c\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u3002
\u9664\uff08\u00f7\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u6709\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\uff08\u5982\u67e5\u8be2\u9009\u4fee\u6240\u6709\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff09\u3002

2.5 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u7b97<\/strong>
\u5143\u7ec4\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u7b97<\/strong>
\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a{ t | P(t) }\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dP\u4e3a\u8c13\u8bcd\uff08\u5982t[\u5b66\u53f7] = '001'\uff09\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e20\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff1a{ t | \u5b66\u751f(t) \u2227 t.\u5e74\u9f84 > 20 }\u3002
\u57df\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u7b97<\/strong>
\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a{ <x1, x2, …> | P(x1, x2, …) }\uff08\u5982QBE\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a18\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u59d3\u540d\uff1a{\u00a0 | \u2203a (\u5b66\u751f(\u5b66\u53f7, n, a) \u2227 a = 18) }\u3002

2.6 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u7ef4\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u7edf\u4e00\u8868\u793a\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570<\/strong>\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u3002
\u5173\u952e\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u589e\u5f3a\u8bed\u4e49\u7ea6\u675f\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982SQL\uff09\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u9700\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>
2.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>
2.4.1 <\/strong><\/a>\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong>
\u5e76\uff08Union\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb ( R ) \u548c ( S ) \u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u76ee\u6570\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u5c5e\u6027\u57df\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e8e ( R ) \u6216 ( S ) \u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u96c6\u5408\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( R \\cup S )\u3002
\u5dee\uff08Difference\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e8e ( R ) \u4f46\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e ( S ) \u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u96c6\u5408\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( R – S )\u3002
\u4ea4\uff08Intersection\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u540c\u65f6\u5c5e\u4e8e ( R ) \u548c ( S ) \u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u96c6\u5408\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( R \\cap S )\u3002
\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef\uff08Cartesian Product\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u5173\u7cfb ( R )\uff08( n ) \u76ee\uff09\u4e0e ( S )\uff08( m ) \u76ee\uff09\u7684\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef\u4e3a ( n + m ) \u76ee\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7ec4\u7531 ( R ) \u548c ( S ) \u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( R \\times S )\u3002

2.4.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong>
\u9009\u62e9\uff08Selection\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( \\sigma{F}(R) )\uff0c\u5982 ( \\sigma<\/em>{\\text{\u5e74\u9f84}<20}(\\text{\u5b66\u751f}) )\u3002
\u6295\u5f71\uff08Projection\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u6307\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u5217\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7ec4\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( \\pi{A}(R) )\uff0c\u5982 ( \\pi<\/em>{\\text{\u59d3\u540d, \u7cfb}}(\\text{\u5b66\u751f}) )\u3002
\u8fde\u63a5\uff08Join\uff09<\/strong>
\u7b49\u503c\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14\u79ef\u4e2d\u9009\u53d6\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( R \\bowtie_{A=B} S )\u3002
\u81ea\u7136\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u7b49\u503c\u8fde\u63a5\u540e\u53bb\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u5c5e\u6027\u5217\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( R \\bowtie S )\u3002
\u5916\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u672a\u5339\u914d\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u586b\u5145\u7a7a\u503c\u3002
\u5de6\u5916\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u5de6\u8868\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7ec4\u3002
\u53f3\u5916\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u7559\u53f3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7ec4\u3002
\u9664\uff08Division\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb ( R(X, Y) ) \u548c ( S(Y) )\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a ( R ) \u4e2d\u6ee1\u8db3 ( Y ) \u503c\u5305\u542b ( S ) \u7684 ( X ) \u503c\u3002
\u7b26\u53f7<\/strong>\uff1a( R \\div S )\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u9009\u4fee\u6240\u6709\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5373 ( \\pi{\\text{\u5b66\u53f7, \u8bfe\u53f7}}(\\text{\u9009\u4fee}) \\div \\pi<\/em>{\\text{\u8bfe\u53f7}}(\\text{\u8bfe\u7a0b}) )\u3002

2.4.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u7efc\u5408\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>
\u67e5\u8be2\u9009\u4fee1\u53f7\u548c3\u53f7\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u751f<\/strong>\uff1a
\u6784\u5efa\u4e34\u65f6\u5173\u7cfb ( K = {1, 3} )\u3002
\u8ba1\u7b97 ( \\pi_{\\text{\u5b66\u53f7, \u8bfe\u53f7}}(\\text{\u9009\u4fee}) \\div K )\u3002
\u67e5\u8be2\u9009\u4fee\u5168\u90e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5b66\u751f<\/strong>\uff1a
( \\pi{\\text{\u5b66\u53f7, \u8bfe\u53f7}}(\\text{\u9009\u4fee}) \\div \\pi<\/em>{\\text{\u8bfe\u53f7}}(\\text{\u8bfe\u7a0b}) )\u3002

2.5 <\/strong><\/a>\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u7b97<\/strong>
\u5143\u7ec4\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u7b97<\/strong>
\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a( { t | P(t) } )\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d ( P ) \u4e3a\u8c13\u8bcd\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e20\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff1a
( { t | \\text{\u5b66\u751f}(t) \\land t.\\text{\u5e74\u9f84} > 20 } )\u3002
\u57df\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u7b97<\/strong>
\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a( { <x_1, x_2, …> | P(x_1, x_2, …) } )\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a18\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u59d3\u540d\uff1a
( {\u00a0 | \\exists a (\\text{\u5b66\u751f}(\\text{\u5b66\u53f7}, n, a) \\land a = 18) } )\u3002

2.6 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u96c6\u5408\u8fd0\u7b97\u548c\u4e13\u95e8\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002
\u9664\u8fd0\u7b97<\/strong>\u662f\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u5982\u201c\u5168\u90e8\u201d\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\u81ea\u7136\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5916\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\u5904\u7406\u591a\u8868\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u5c5e\u6027\u5339\u914d\u548c\u7a7a\u503c\u5904\u7406\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570\u662fSQL\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u8fd0\u7b97\u903b\u8f91\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u3002
\u7efc\u5408\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 SQL\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 SQL<\/strong><\/a>\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>
3.1 SQL<\/strong><\/a>\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong>
SQL\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>
Structured Query Language<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bed\u8a00\u3002
\u7279\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\uff08\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u64cd\u7eb5\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\uff09\u3002
\u9ad8\u5ea6\u975e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5316\uff08\u53ea\u9700\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u201c\u600e\u4e48\u505a\u201d\uff09\u3002
\u9762\u5411\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u591a\u884c\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3002
SQL\u7684\u7ec4\u6210<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\uff08DDL\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u8868\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u7eb5\u8bed\u8a00\uff08DML\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\uff08SELECT\u3001INSERT\u3001UPDATE\u3001DELETE\uff09\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u8a00\uff08DCL\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\uff08GRANT\u3001REVOKE\uff09\u3002
\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e0e\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982C\u3001Java\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002

3.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08DDL\uff09<\/strong>
\u521b\u5efa\u8868\uff08CREATE TABLE\uff09<\/strong>
CREATE TABLE Student (
\u00a0 Sno CHAR(9) PRIMARY KEY,
\u00a0 Sname VARCHAR(20) UNIQUE,
\u00a0 Sage INT CHECK (Sage >= 18),
\u00a0 Sdept VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT '\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb'
);
\u4fee\u6539\u8868\uff08ALTER TABLE\uff09<\/strong>
\u6dfb\u52a0\u5217\uff1aALTER TABLE Student ADD COLUMN Saddress VARCHAR(50);
\u5220\u9664\u5217\uff1aALTER TABLE Student DROP COLUMN Saddress;
\u4fee\u6539\u7ea6\u675f\uff1aALTER TABLE Student ALTER COLUMN Sage SET DEFAULT 18;
\u5220\u9664\u8868\uff08DROP TABLE\uff09<\/strong>
DROP TABLE Student CASCADE;\uff08\u7ea7\u8054\u5220\u9664\u4f9d\u8d56\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u3002

3.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\uff08SELECT\uff09<\/strong>
\u57fa\u672c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>
\u6295\u5f71\uff1aSELECT Sname, Sage FROM Student;
\u9009\u62e9\uff1aSELECT * FROM Student WHERE Sage > 20;
\u6392\u5e8f\uff1aSELECT * FROM Student ORDER BY Sage DESC;
\u805a\u5408\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>
COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MAX(), MIN()
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1aSELECT AVG(Sage) FROM Student;
\u5206\u7ec4\u4e0e\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff08GROUP BY + HAVING\uff09<\/strong>
SELECT Sdept, AVG(Sage)
FROM Student
GROUP BY Sdept
HAVING AVG(Sage) > 20;
\u8fde\u63a5\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>
\u5185\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1aSELECT * FROM Student JOIN Course ON Student.Cno = Course.Cno;
\u5916\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5de6\u5916\u8fde\u63a5\uff1aLEFT JOIN\uff08\u4fdd\u7559\u5de6\u8868\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff09\u3002
\u53f3\u5916\u8fde\u63a5\uff1aRIGHT JOIN\uff08\u4fdd\u7559\u53f3\u8868\u6240\u6709\u884c\uff09\u3002
\u81ea\u7136\u8fde\u63a5\uff1aNATURAL JOIN\uff08\u81ea\u52a8\u5339\u914d\u540c\u540d\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u3002
\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>
\u6807\u91cf\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5355\u503c\uff08\u5982WHERE Sage > (SELECT AVG(Sage) FROM Student)\uff09\u3002
\u884c\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u591a\u5217\uff08\u5982WHERE (Sno, Cno) IN (SELECT …)\uff09\u3002
\u8868\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u591a\u884c\u591a\u5217\uff08\u5982EXISTS\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff09\u3002
\u96c6\u5408\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>
UNION\uff08\u5e76\u96c6\uff09\u3001INTERSECT\uff08\u4ea4\u96c6\uff09\u3001EXCEPT\uff08\u5dee\u96c6\uff09\u3002

3.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\uff08DML\uff09<\/strong>
\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\uff08INSERT\uff09<\/strong>
\u5355\u884c\u63d2\u5165\uff1aINSERT INTO Student VALUES ('001', '\u5f20\u4e09', 20, '\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb');
\u591a\u884c\u63d2\u5165\uff1aINSERT INTO Student SELECT …\uff08\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u8868\u5bfc\u5165\uff09\u3002
\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\uff08UPDATE\uff09<\/strong>
UPDATE Student
SET Sage = Sage + 1
WHERE Sdept = '\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb';
\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\uff08DELETE\uff09<\/strong>
\u5220\u9664\u7279\u5b9a\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1aDELETE FROM Student WHERE Sno = '001';
\u5220\u9664\u5168\u90e8\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1aDELETE FROM Student;\uff08\u614e\u7528\uff01\uff09

3.5 <\/strong><\/a>\u89c6\u56fe\uff08View\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49\u89c6\u56fe<\/strong>
CREATE VIEW CS_Student AS
SELECT * FROM Student
WHERE Sdept = '\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb';
\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>
\u7b80\u5316\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u3002
\u63d0\u4f9b\u903b\u8f91\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff08\u57fa\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\u89c6\u56fe\u53ef\u4fdd\u6301\u7a33\u5b9a\uff09\u3002
\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u654f\u611f\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3002
\u66f4\u65b0\u9650\u5236<\/strong>
\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u89c6\u56fe\uff1a\u4e0d\u542b\u805a\u5408\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u3001DISTINCT\u7684\u5355\u8868\u89c6\u56fe\u3002
\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u65b0\u89c6\u56fe\uff1a\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u8868\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u3002

3.6 <\/strong><\/a>\u7d22\u5f15\uff08Index\uff09<\/strong>
\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>
CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX Stu_Index
ON Student(Sname DESC, Sage ASC);
\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>
\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u52a0\u901f\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u5c24\u5176WHERE\u3001JOIN\u3001ORDER BY\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002
\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5360\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u66f4\u65b0\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u9700\u7ef4\u62a4\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002

3.7 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u63a7\u5236\uff08DCL\uff09<\/strong>
\u6743\u9650\u6388\u4e88\uff08GRANT\uff09<\/strong>
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON Student
TO User1 WITH GRANT OPTION;
\u6743\u9650\u56de\u6536\uff08REVOKE\uff09<\/strong>
REVOKE UPDATE ON Student
FROM User1 CASCADE;

3.8 <\/strong><\/a>\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406<\/strong>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u7279\u6027\uff08ACID\uff09<\/strong>
\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08Atomicity\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5168\u505a\u6216\u5168\u4e0d\u505a\u3002
\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002
\u9694\u79bb\u6027\uff08Isolation\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e76\u53d1\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u3002
\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08Durability\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002
\u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>
COMMIT\uff1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002
ROLLBACK\uff1a\u56de\u6eda\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002
SAVEPOINT\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4fdd\u5b58\u70b9\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u56de\u6eda\uff09\u3002

3.9 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
SQL\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u662fSQL\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0e\u96be\u70b9\u3002
\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u719f\u7ec3\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002
\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u89c6\u56fe\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0e\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ef\u4f18\u5316\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 SQL\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 SQL<\/strong><\/a>\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>
3.10 <\/strong><\/a>\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL<\/strong>
\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>
\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982C\u3001Java\u7b49\uff0c\u4e0eSQL\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8bed\u8a00\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3002
\u5173\u952e\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>
\u58f0\u660e\u90e8\u5206<\/strong>\uff1aEXEC SQL BEGIN DECLARE SECTION; \u548c EXEC SQL END DECLARE SECTION;
\u6e38\u6807\uff08Cursor\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u591a\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u3002
\u58f0\u660e\u6e38\u6807\uff1aEXEC SQL DECLARE cur_student CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM Student;
\u6253\u5f00\u6e38\u6807\uff1aEXEC SQL OPEN cur_student;
\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1aEXEC SQL FETCH cur_student INTO :sno, :sname;
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\uff1aEXEC SQL CLOSE cur_student;
\u52a8\u6001SQL<\/strong>
\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6784\u5efaSQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff08\u5982EXEC SQL EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'DELETE FROM Student WHERE Sage > 20';\uff09\u3002

3.11 <\/strong><\/a>\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>
\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Stored Procedure\uff09<\/strong>
\u521b\u5efa<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE PROCEDURE UpdateScore(
\u00a0 IN stu_no CHAR(9),
\u00a0 IN new_score INT
)
BEGIN
\u00a0 UPDATE SC SET Score = new_score WHERE Sno = stu_no;
END;
\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aCALL UpdateScore('001', 90);
\u51fd\u6570\uff08Function\uff09<\/strong>
\u521b\u5efa<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE FUNCTION GetAvgScore(sdept VARCHAR(20))
RETURNS FLOAT
BEGIN
\u00a0 DECLARE avg_score FLOAT;
\u00a0 SELECT AVG(Score) INTO avg_score FROM Student WHERE Sdept = sdept;
\u00a0 RETURN avg_score;
END;
\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aSELECT GetAvgScore('\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb');

3.12 <\/strong><\/a>\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\uff08Trigger\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>
\u89e6\u53d1\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08INSERT\/UPDATE\/DELETE\uff09\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002
\u7528\u9014<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u3002
\u8bed\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>
CREATE TRIGGER before_insert_student
BEFORE INSERT ON Student
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
\u00a0 IF NEW.Sage < 18 THEN
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SIGNAL SQLSTATE '45000' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = '\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c0f\u4e8e18\u5c81';
\u00a0 END IF;
END;

3.13 <\/strong><\/a>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>
\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\uff08Window Functions\uff09<\/strong>
ROW_NUMBER()<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u5206\u533a\u5185\u7684\u884c\u5206\u914d\u552f\u4e00\u5e8f\u53f7\u3002
RANK() \/ DENSE_RANK()<\/strong>\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6392\u540d\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a
SELECT Sname, Sage,
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 RANK() OVER (ORDER BY Sage DESC) AS age_rank
FROM Student;
\u9012\u5f52\u67e5\u8be2\uff08WITH RECURSIVE\uff09<\/strong>
\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u7269\u6599\u6e05\u5355\uff09\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a
WITH RECURSIVE org_tree AS (
\u00a0 SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE ManagerID IS NULL
\u00a0 UNION ALL
\u00a0 SELECT e.* FROM Employee e INNER JOIN org_tree o ON e.ManagerID = o.EmployeeID
)
SELECT * FROM org_tree;

3.14 <\/strong><\/a>\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b<\/strong>
\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>
READ UNCOMMITTED<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u810f\u8bfb\u3002
READ COMMITTED<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u8bfb\u53d6\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\uff08\u907f\u514d\u810f\u8bfb\uff09\u3002
REPEATABLE READ<\/strong>\uff1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u540c\u4e00\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u591a\u6b21\u8bfb\u53d6\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u8bfb\uff09\u3002
SERIALIZABLE<\/strong>\uff1a\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u9694\u79bb\uff08\u907f\u514d\u5e7b\u8bfb\uff09\u3002
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b<\/strong>
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED;

3.15 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>
\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e0e\u6388\u6743<\/strong>
\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/strong>\uff1aCREATE USER 'user1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
\u89d2\u8272\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE ROLE 'developer';
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON db.* TO 'developer';
GRANT 'developer' TO 'user1';
\u884c\u7ea7\u5b89\u5168\uff08RLS\uff09<\/strong>
\u7b56\u7565\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u884c\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE POLICY student_policy ON Student
FOR SELECT
USING (Sdept = CURRENT_USER);

3.16 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u589e\u5f3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7a0b\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\u89e6\u53d1\u5668<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u5206\u6790\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\u4e8b\u52a1\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u4fdd\u969c\u6570\u636e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a7\u5236\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u638c\u63e1\u9ad8\u7ea7SQL\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u590d\u6742\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002
\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u4e0e\u9694\u79bb\u7ea7\u522b\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u95ee\u9898\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 SQL\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 SQL<\/strong><\/a>\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>
3.17 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u4e3b\u952e\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a
ALTER TABLE Student ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Sno PRIMARY KEY (Sno);
\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a
ALTER TABLE Student ADD CONSTRAINT UQ_Sname UNIQUE (Sname);
\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u5916\u952e\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a
ALTER TABLE SC
ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Sno FOREIGN KEY (Sno) REFERENCES Student(Sno)
ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE;
\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u68c0\u67e5\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a
ALTER TABLE Student ADD CONSTRAINT CK_Sage CHECK (Sage >= 18);
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a
ALTER TABLE Student ALTER COLUMN Sdept SET DEFAULT '\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb';

3.18 <\/strong><\/a>\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>
\u8303\u5f0f\uff08Normal Forms\uff09<\/strong>
\u7b2c\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\uff081NF\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5206\uff08\u5982\u5730\u5740\u5b57\u6bb5\u9700\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u7701\u3001\u5e02\u3001\u8857\u9053\uff09\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8303\u5f0f\uff082NF\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u975e\u4e3b\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u7801\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002
\u7b2c\u4e09\u8303\u5f0f\uff083NF\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u975e\u4e3b\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u7801\u7684\u4f20\u9012\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002
BC\u8303\u5f0f\uff08BCNF\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u4e3b\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u7801\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002
\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/strong>
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u90e8\u5206\u8303\u5f0f\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\uff08\u5982\u5197\u4f59\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8ba2\u5355\u8868\u4e2d\u5197\u4f59\u5b58\u50a8\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41JOIN\u3002

3.19 <\/strong><\/a>\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>
\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>
\u9009\u62e9\u8fd0\u7b97\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f18\u5148\u6267\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u8fd0\u7b97\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2d\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u3002
\u8fde\u63a5\u987a\u5e8f\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c0f\u8868\u9a71\u52a8\u5927\u8868\uff08\u5982Student JOIN SC\u800c\u975eSC JOIN Student\uff09\u3002
\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3aWHERE\u3001JOIN\u3001ORDER BY\u5b57\u6bb5\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u5206\u6790<\/strong>
EXPLAIN\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u770bSQL\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff08\u5982MySQL\u7684EXPLAIN SELECT …\uff09\u3002
\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u626b\u63cf\u884c\u6570\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3001\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u521b\u5efa\u3002

3.20 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b<\/strong>
\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790<\/strong>
\u786e\u5b9a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3001\u6559\u5e08\uff09\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5b66\u53f7\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\u540d\u3001\u804c\u79f0\uff09\u53ca\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u9009\u8bfe\u3001\u6388\u8bfe\uff09\u3002
E-R\u56fe\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\uff08Sno, Sname, Sage\uff09\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff08Cno, Cname\uff09\u3002
\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u9009\u8bfe\uff08SC: Sno, Cno, Score\uff09\uff0c\u6388\u8bfe\uff08Teaching: Tno, Cno\uff09\u3002
\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\u8868\uff1aStudent, Course, Teacher\u3002
\u8054\u7cfb\u8868\uff1aSC, Teaching\uff0c\u5916\u952e\u7ea6\u675f\u786e\u4fdd\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002

3.21 <\/strong><\/a>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u57fa\u7840<\/strong>
\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7279\u70b9<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7247<\/strong>\uff1a\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u7247\uff08\u6309\u884c\uff09\u3001\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u7247\uff08\u6309\u5217\uff09\u3002
\u590d\u5236\u4e0e\u540c\u6b65<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u3001\u591a\u4e3b\u590d\u5236\u3002
\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff082PC\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
SQL\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff1aSELECT * FROM Student WHERE Sdept = '\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb' AT SITE1;
\u8de8\u8282\u70b9JOIN<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u5c40\u540d\u79f0\u6216\u94fe\u63a5\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002

3.22 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002
\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u6307\u5bfc\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5197\u4f59\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u5f02\u5e38\u3002
\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002
\u638c\u63e1\u5206\u5e03\u5f0fSQL\u6280\u672f\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u80fd\u529b\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>
4.1 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong>
\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u6388\u6743\u8bbf\u95ee\u3001\u7be1\u6539\u6216\u7834\u574f\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u673a\u5bc6\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002
\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u519b\u4e8b\u673a\u5bc6\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u6570\u636e\u3001\u533b\u7597\u6863\u6848\u7b49\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002
\u5b89\u5168\u6807\u51c6<\/strong>
TCSEC\/TDI\u6807\u51c6<\/strong>\uff08\u6a58\u76ae\u4e66\uff09\uff1a
\u5b89\u5168\u7ea7\u522b\u5212\u5206<\/strong>\uff08\u4ece\u4f4e\u5230\u9ad8\uff09\uff1aD\uff08\u6700\u4f4e\uff09\u3001C1\/C2\u3001B1\/B2\/B3\u3001A1\uff08\u6700\u9ad8\uff09\u3002
\u5173\u952e\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u8d23\u4efb\u3001\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3001\u6587\u6863\u3002
CC\u6807\u51c6<\/strong>\uff08Common Criteria\uff09\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8bc4\u4f30\u6807\u51c6\u3002

4.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>
\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6\u4e0e\u9274\u522b<\/strong>
\u7528\u6237\u6807\u8bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3001\u7528\u6237ID\u7b49\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u7528\u6237\u3002
\u9274\u522b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u53e3\u4ee4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u4ee4\u724c\u7b49\u3002
\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>
\u81ea\u4e3b\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\uff08DAC\uff09<\/strong>
\u6388\u6743\u4e0e\u56de\u6536<\/strong>\uff1a
GRANT SELECT, INSERT ON Student TO User1;\u00a0 — \u6388\u6743<\/em>
REVOKE UPDATE ON Student FROM User1;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u56de\u6536\u6743\u9650<\/em>
\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6743\u9650\u4f20\u9012\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u3002
\u5f3a\u5236\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236\uff08MAC\uff09<\/strong>
\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u6807\u8bb0<\/strong>\uff1a
\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7ea7\u522b<\/strong>\uff08\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\uff09\uff1aTop Secret > Secret > Confidential > Public\u3002
\u5bc6\u7ea7<\/strong>\uff08\u5ba2\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff1a\u540c\u4e0a\u3002
\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a
\u8bfb\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7ea7\u522b \u2265 \u5ba2\u4f53\u5bc6\u7ea7\u3002
\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u4e3b\u4f53\u8bb8\u53ef\u8bc1\u7ea7\u522b = \u5ba2\u4f53\u5bc6\u7ea7\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u89d2\u8272<\/strong>
\u89d2\u8272\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u6743\u9650\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u6388\u6743\u7ba1\u7406\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE ROLE Manager;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u521b\u5efa\u89d2\u8272<\/em>
GRANT SELECT ON SC TO Manager;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u89d2\u8272\u6388\u6743<\/em>
GRANT Manager TO User1, User2;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u5206\u914d\u89d2\u8272<\/em>

4.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u89c6\u56fe\u673a\u5236<\/strong>
\u5b89\u5168\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u56fe\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE VIEW CS_Student AS
SELECT * FROM Student WHERE Sdept = '\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb';\u00a0 — \u521b\u5efa\u89c6\u56fe<\/em>
GRANT SELECT ON CS_Student TO WangPing;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u6388\u6743\u89c6\u56fe<\/em>

4.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08Audit\uff09<\/strong>
\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u884c\u4e3a\u3002
\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong>\uff1a
\u7528\u6237\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u8868\u6216\u89c6\u56fe\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002
\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u76d1\u63a7\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u6743\u9650\u53d8\u66f4\u7b49\u5168\u5c40\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002
SQL\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a
AUDIT ALTER, UPDATE ON SC;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u5f00\u542f\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/em>
NOAUDIT ALTER, UPDATE ON SC;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u5173\u95ed\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/em>

4.5 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>
\u52a0\u5bc6\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a
\u66ff\u6362\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u66ff\u6362\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\uff08\u5982\u51ef\u6492\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\u3002
\u7f6e\u6362\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u6570\u636e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5982\u5217\u7f6e\u6362\uff09\u3002
\u6df7\u5408\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e0e\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u5982AES+RSA\uff09\u3002
\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u5982\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\uff09\u3002

4.6 <\/strong><\/a>\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>
\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u5408\u6cd5\u67e5\u8be2\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u654f\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u67d0\u75be\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u3002
\u9632\u62a4\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a
\u67e5\u8be2\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u5355\u6b21\u67e5\u8be2\u9700\u8986\u76d6\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08\u5982N\u2265100\uff09\u3002
\u4ea4\u53c9\u4fdd\u62a4<\/strong>\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff08\u5982M\u226410%\uff09\u3002

4.7 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5b58\u53d6\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff08DAC\u4e0eMAC\uff09\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u3002
\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e8b\u540e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0e\u4e3b\u52a8\u9632\u62a4\u3002
\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>\u9700\u9632\u8303\u63a8\u5bfc\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u533f\u540d\u5316\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6743\u9650\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u52a0\u5bc6\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u9632\u8303\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u3002
\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u662f\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\uff08\u5982GDPR\uff09\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
5.1 <\/strong><\/a>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong>
\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>
\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3001\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u952e\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u975e\u7a7a\u3002
\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5916\u952e\u5fc5\u987b\u5f15\u7528\u5df2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e3b\u952e\u6216\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002
\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u5982\u5e74\u9f84\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u6027\u522b\u679a\u4e3e\uff09\u3002
\u7ea6\u675f\u5b9e\u65bd\u673a\u5236<\/strong>
\u9759\u6001\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u5b57\u6bb5\u975e\u7a7a\uff09\u3002
\u52a8\u6001\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u9700\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff08\u5982\u4f59\u989d\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u8d1f\uff09\u3002

5.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u4e3b\u952e\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE TABLE Student (
\u00a0 Sno CHAR(9) PRIMARY KEY,
\u00a0 Sname VARCHAR(20)
);
\u9a8c\u8bc1\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a
\u4e3b\u952e\u503c\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4e3a\u7a7a\u3002
\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3b\u952e\u65f6\u9700\u4fdd\u8bc1\u65b0\u503c\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
\u552f\u4e00\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u59d3\u540d\u552f\u4e00\uff1a
ALTER TABLE Student ADD CONSTRAINT UQ_Sname UNIQUE (Sname);

5.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u5916\u952e\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE TABLE SC (
\u00a0 Sno CHAR(9),
\u00a0 Cno CHAR(4),
\u00a0 Score INT,
\u00a0 FOREIGN KEY (Sno) REFERENCES Student(Sno)
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ON DELETE CASCADE
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ON UPDATE CASCADE
);
\u5916\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a
ON DELETE CASCADE<\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u4e3b\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u65f6\u7ea7\u8054\u5220\u9664\u5b50\u8868\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002
ON UPDATE CASCADE<\/strong>\uff1a\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3b\u8868\u4e3b\u952e\u65f6\u540c\u6b65\u66f4\u65b0\u5b50\u8868\u5916\u952e\u3002
SET NULL<\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u65f6\u5c06\u5916\u952e\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7a7a\u503c\u3002
\u8fdd\u53cd\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u5904\u7406<\/strong>
\u62d2\u7edd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u3002
\u7ea7\u8054\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08CASCADE\uff09\u3002
\u7f6e\u7a7a\uff08SET NULL\uff09\u3002

5.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u5c5e\u6027\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>
\u975e\u7a7a\u7ea6\u675f\uff08NOT NULL\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a
Sname VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL
\u68c0\u67e5\u7ea6\u675f\uff08CHECK\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a
Sage INT CHECK (Sage >= 18 AND Sage <= 60)
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7ea6\u675f\uff08DEFAULT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a
Sdept VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT '\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb'
\u57df\u7ea6\u675f<\/strong>
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE DOMAIN GenderType CHAR(2) CHECK (VALUE IN ('\u7537', '\u5973'));

5.5 <\/strong><\/a>\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\uff08Trigger\uff09<\/strong>
\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>
\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728INSERT\u3001UPDATE\u3001DELETE\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u9884\u5b9a\u4e49\u903b\u8f91\u3002
\u590d\u6742\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u66f4\u65b0\u5e93\u5b58\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u603b\u4ef7\u3002
\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>
CREATE TRIGGER before_update_score
BEFORE UPDATE ON SC
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
\u00a0 IF NEW.Score < 0 OR NEW.Score > 100 THEN
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 SIGNAL SQLSTATE '45000' SET MESSAGE_TEXT = '\u6210\u7ee9\u5fc5\u987b\u57280-100\u4e4b\u95f4';
\u00a0 END IF;
END;

5.6 <\/strong><\/a>\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684ACID\u7279\u6027<\/strong>
\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08Atomicity\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5168\u505a\u6216\u5168\u4e0d\u505a\u3002
\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u3002
\u9694\u79bb\u6027\uff08Isolation\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e76\u53d1\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u3002
\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08Durability\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002
\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u534f\u540c<\/strong>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u56de\u6eda\u65f6\u64a4\u9500\u8fdd\u53cd\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u524d\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u68c0\u67e5\u3002

5.7 <\/strong><\/a>\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3<\/strong>
\u5e38\u89c1\u51b2\u7a81\u573a\u666f<\/strong>
\u63d2\u5165\u5916\u952e\u503c\u65f6\u4e3b\u8868\u65e0\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e3b\u952e\u3002
\u66f4\u65b0\u4e3b\u952e\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b50\u8868\u5916\u952e\u5931\u6548\u3002
\u68c0\u67e5\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u51b2\u7a81\u3002
\u89e3\u51b3\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>
\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea6\u675f > \u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u7ea6\u675f\u3002
\u5ef6\u8fdf\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u65f6\u518d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7ea6\u675f\u3002

5.8 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\u4e0e\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\u662f\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6574\u6027<\/strong>\u6269\u5c55\u4e1a\u52a1\u89c4\u5219\u3002
\u89e6\u53d1\u5668<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u7ea6\u675f\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\u4fdd\u8bc1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u4e0e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ea6\u675f\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5f02\u5e38\uff08\u5982\u810f\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5b64\u513f\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u3002
\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8026\u5408\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ef4\u62a4\u56f0\u96be\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6062\u590d\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6062\u590d\u6280\u672f<\/strong>
6.1 <\/strong><\/a>\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684ACID\u7279\u6027<\/strong>
\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff08Atomicity\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u5168\u505a\u6216\u5168\u4e0d\u505a\u3002
\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08Consistency\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u3002
\u9694\u79bb\u6027\uff08Isolation\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e76\u53d1\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e92\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u3002
\u6301\u4e45\u6027\uff08Durability\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u63d0\u4ea4\u540e\u4fee\u6539\u6c38\u4e45\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002
\u6545\u969c\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u6545\u969c<\/strong>\uff1a\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u5982\u8fdd\u53cd\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u6b7b\u9501\uff09\u3002
\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c<\/strong>\uff1a\u65ad\u7535\u3001OS\u5d29\u6e83\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002
\u4ecb\u8d28\u6545\u969c<\/strong>\uff1a\u78c1\u76d8\u635f\u574f\u5bfc\u81f4\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002

6.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>
\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>
\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e8b\u52a1\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff08\u5982INSERT\u3001UPDATE\u3001DELETE\uff09\u3002
\u652f\u6301UNDO\uff08\u64a4\u9500\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\uff09\u548cREDO\uff08\u91cd\u505a\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\uff09\u3002
\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u6807\u8bc6\uff08TID\uff09<\/strong>\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u65e7\u503c\u3001\u65b0\u503c\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<T1, start>, <T1, A, 100, 200>, <T1, commit>
\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ba1\u7406\u539f\u5219<\/strong>
\u5148\u5199\u65e5\u5fd7\u539f\u5219\uff08WAL\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u3002

6.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u6062\u590d\u6280\u672f<\/strong>
UNDO\u4e0eREDO<\/strong>
UNDO<\/strong>\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u56de\u6eda\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\uff09\u3002
REDO<\/strong>\uff1a\u91cd\u505a\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u540e\u6062\u590d\uff09\u3002
\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\uff08Checkpoint\uff09<\/strong>
\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u9700\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cf\u3002
\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5c06\u5f53\u524d\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u7684\u810f\u9875\uff08\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u4f46\u672a\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff09\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u3002
\u8bb0\u5f55\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08\u5982<Checkpoint, T1, T2>\uff09\u3002

6.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u57fa\u4e8e\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u6062\u590d\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d<\/strong>
UNDO\u5931\u8d25\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u53cd\u5411\u626b\u63cf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u7cfb\u7edf\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d<\/strong>
REDO\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b63\u5411\u626b\u63cf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u91cd\u505a\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u4f46\u672a\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
UNDO\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u53cd\u5411\u626b\u63cf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u4ecb\u8d28\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d<\/strong>
\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u5907\u4efd\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cd\u505a\u540e\u7eed\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002

6.5 ARIES<\/strong><\/a>\u6062\u590d\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>
\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u6062\u590d<\/strong>
\u5206\u6790\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u6545\u969c\u65f6\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u53ca\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875\u3002
\u91cd\u505a\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ece\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u91cd\u505a\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002
\u64a4\u9500\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u64a4\u9500\u672a\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002
\u5173\u952e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>
\u4e8b\u52a1\u8868\uff08Transaction Table\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u6d3b\u8dc3\u4e8b\u52a1\u72b6\u6001\u3002
\u810f\u9875\u8868\uff08Dirty Page Table\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\u4f46\u672a\u5199\u5165\u78c1\u76d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9875\u3002

6.6 <\/strong><\/a>\u5907\u4efd\u4e0e\u6062\u590d\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>
\u5907\u4efd\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>
\u5b8c\u5168\u5907\u4efd<\/strong>\uff1a\u5907\u4efd\u5168\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u5907\u4efd\u81ea\u4e0a\u6b21\u5907\u4efd\u4ee5\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u5f52\u6863\u65e5\u5fd7\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>
\u542f\u7528\u5f52\u6863\u65e5\u5fd7\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u540e\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u6062\u590d\uff08PITR\uff09\u3002

6.7 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong>\u4e0e\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9<\/strong>\u662f\u6062\u590d\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u4e0e\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u3002
ARIES\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u3001\u91cd\u505a\u3001\u64a4\u9500\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u6062\u590d\u3002
\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5b8c\u5168\u6216\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u7406\u89e3\u6062\u590d\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u68c0\u67e5\u70b9\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
7.1 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong>
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>
\u6784\u9020\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002
\u6ee1\u8db3\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7ba1\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u672a\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u3002
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7279\u70b9<\/strong>
\u4e09\u5206\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4e03\u5206\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0e\u4e1a\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\u8fed\u4ee3\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9700\u53cd\u590d\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u9700\u6c42\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>
\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790<\/strong> \u2192 \u6982\u5ff5\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong> \u2192 \u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong> \u2192 \u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong> \u2192 \u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4<\/strong>\u3002

7.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790<\/strong>
\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>
\u8c03\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u8981\u6c42\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\uff09\u3002
\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u8303\u56f4\u3002
\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>
\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u8c08<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u95ee\u5377\u3001\u4f1a\u8bae\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6536\u96c6\u9700\u6c42\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed8\u5236\u6570\u636e\u6d41\u56fe\uff08DFD\uff09\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6570\u636e\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002
\u5efa\u7acb\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u7ea6\u675f\u3002
\u8f93\u51fa\u6210\u679c<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178<\/strong>\uff1a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u636e\u9879\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u6d41\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u7b49\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002
\u9700\u6c42\u8bf4\u660e\u4e66<\/strong>\uff1a\u660e\u786e\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u975e\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5b89\u5168\uff09\u3002

7.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>
\u6784\u5efa\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff08\u5982E-R\u56fe\uff09\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb\u3002
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u6838\u5fc3\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff09\u3002
\u5c5e\u6027\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5206\u914d\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u53f7\u3001\u59d3\u540d\uff09\u3002
\u8054\u7cfb\u5efa\u7acb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9e\u4f53\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff081:1\u30011:N\u3001M:N\uff09\u53ca\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5982\u9009\u8bfe\u6210\u7ee9\uff09\u3002
\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u6d88\u9664\u5197\u4f59\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u578b\u7b80\u6d01\u6e05\u6670\u3002
E-R\u56fe\u8868\u793a<\/strong>
\u77e9\u5f62<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1b\u692d\u5706<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u83f1\u5f62<\/strong>\uff1a\u8054\u7cfb\uff1b\u7ebf\u6bb5<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb\u3002

7.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>
\u5c06\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\uff08E-R\u56fe\uff09\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5904\u7406\u3002
\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u8868\uff09\u3002
\u8054\u7cfb\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong>\uff1a
1:1\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4efb\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53\u8868\u6216\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u8868\u3002
1:N\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u5916\u952e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u201c\u591a\u201d\u65b9\u8868\u3002
M:N\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u8868\uff08\u542b\u53cc\u65b9\u4e3b\u952e\u53ca\u8054\u7cfb\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u3002
\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5904\u7406<\/strong>
\u8303\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6ee1\u8db31NF\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff09\u30012NF\uff08\u6d88\u9664\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u8d56\uff09\u30013NF\uff08\u6d88\u9664\u4f20\u9012\u4f9d\u8d56\uff09\u3001BCNF\uff08\u6d88\u9664\u4e3b\u5c5e\u6027\u4f9d\u8d56\uff09\u3002
\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u4e0b\u9002\u5f53\u5197\u4f59\uff08\u5982\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\u3002

7.5 <\/strong><\/a>\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>
\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5806\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u805a\u7c07\uff09\u3002
\u5b58\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u7d22\u5f15\u7c7b\u578b\uff08B+\u6811\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\uff09\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u3002
\u5b58\u50a8\u5206\u914d<\/strong>\uff1a\u89c4\u5212\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u589e\u957f\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\u3002
\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>
\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u9ad8\u9891\u67e5\u8be2\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5982\u4e3b\u952e\u3001\u5916\u952e\uff09\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
\u5206\u533a\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\uff1a\u6c34\u5e73\/\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u8868\u63d0\u5347\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002

7.6 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u65bd\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>
\u5efa\u5e93\u5efa\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528DDL\u8bed\u53e5\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u5165\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7ETL\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u811a\u672c\u5bfc\u5165\u521d\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u529f\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u5199\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u5982SQL\u3001ORM\uff09\u3002
\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u6307\u6807\u3002
\u7ef4\u62a4\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>
\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u7d22\u5f15\u4e0eSQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002
\u5907\u4efd\u6062\u590d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5236\u5b9a\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5168\u91cf\u3001\u589e\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u3002
\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u6269\u5c55\u5b57\u6bb5\u6216\u8c03\u6574\u7ed3\u6784\u3002

7.7 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9700\u7ecf\u5386\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u7269\u7406\u4f18\u5316\u53ca\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002
\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/strong>\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0cE-R\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u662f\u6982\u5ff5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5de5\u5177\u3002
\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u9700\u6743\u8861\u5b58\u50a8\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\u9700\u6301\u7eed\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u76d1\u63a7\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u51cf\u5c11\u5197\u4f59\u4e0e\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002
\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4e0e\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u51b3\u7b56\u70b9\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>
7.8 <\/strong><\/a>\u9ad8\u7ea7\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u6280\u672f<\/strong>
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee5\u5197\u4f59\u6362\u53d6\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\uff08\u5982OLAP\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002
\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a
\u589e\u52a0\u5197\u4f59\u5217<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e38\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u8868\u5197\u4f59\u5546\u54c1\u4ef7\u683c\uff09\u3002
\u5408\u5e76\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u9891\u7e41JOIN\u7684\u8868\u5408\u5e76\u4e3a\u5bbd\u8868\u3002
\u4ee3\u4ef7<\/strong>\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u5b58\u50a8\u5f00\u9500\uff0c\u9700\u989d\u5916\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff08\u5982\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u6216\u6279\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0\uff09\u3002
\u89c6\u56fe\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u903b\u8f91\u6570\u636e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u56fe\u9694\u79bb\u57fa\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u3002
\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u4ec5\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u89c6\u56fe\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b50\u96c6\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a
CREATE VIEW Student_Course AS
SELECT S.Sno, Sname, Cno, Score
FROM Student S JOIN SC ON S.Sno = SC.Sno;

7.9 <\/strong><\/a>\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>
\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>
\u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u6309\u7d22\u5f15\u987a\u5e8f\u5b58\u50a8\uff08\u6bcf\u8868\u4ec5\u4e00\u4e2a\u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15\uff09\u3002
\u8986\u76d6\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff1a\u7d22\u5f15\u5305\u542b\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u9700\u5168\u90e8\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56de\u8868\uff08\u5982CREATE INDEX idx ON SC(Sno, Score)\uff09\u3002
\u7ec4\u5408\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u987a\u5e8f\u521b\u5efa\uff08\u5982WHERE Sno = '001' AND Cno = 'C1'\uff09\u3002
\u5206\u533a\u6280\u672f<\/strong>
\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u884c\u5212\u5206\uff08\u5982\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u533a\u8ba2\u5355\u8868\uff09\u3002
\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u5217\u5212\u5206\uff08\u5982\u5c06\u5927\u5b57\u6bb5\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\u3002
\u5206\u533a\u952e\u9009\u62e9<\/strong>\uff1a\u9700\u4e0e\u67e5\u8be2\u6761\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\uff08\u5982\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u5e38\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\u3002
\u5b58\u50a8\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong>
\u586b\u5145\u56e0\u5b50<\/strong>\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u7d22\u5f15\u9875\u586b\u5145\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u9875\u5206\u88c2\uff08\u5982\u9ad8\u66f4\u65b0\u8868\u8bbe\u4e3a70%\uff09\u3002
\u7f13\u51b2\u6c60\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u591a\u5185\u5b58\u7ed9\u70ed\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u9875\u3002

7.10 <\/strong><\/a>\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6311\u6218<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7247<\/strong>\uff1a\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u7247\uff08\u6309\u884c\u5212\u5206\uff09\u3001\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u7247\uff08\u6309\u5217\u5212\u5206\uff09\u3002
\u526f\u672c\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3b\u4ece\u590d\u5236\u3001\u591a\u4e3b\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u9700\u89e3\u51b3\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u5982\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u6216\u4ef2\u88c1\u673a\u5236\uff09\u3002
\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4e8b\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff082PC\uff09\u4fdd\u8bc1ACID\u7279\u6027\u3002
\u5206\u7247\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>
\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u7247<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u952e\u503c\u54c8\u5e0c\u5206\u5e03\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237ID % \u5206\u7247\u6570\uff09\u3002
\u8303\u56f4\u5206\u7247<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u952e\u503c\u8303\u56f4\u5212\u5206\uff08\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u6309\u65e5\u671f\u5206\u7247\uff09\u3002
\u6df7\u5408\u5206\u7247<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408\u54c8\u5e0c\u4e0e\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u5982\u5148\u6309\u5730\u533a\u54c8\u5e0c\uff0c\u518d\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\uff09\u3002

7.11 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>
\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6743\u9650\u3002
\u89d2\u8272\u5206\u7ea7<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u3001\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5458\u3001\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u3002
\u52a0\u5bc6\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u900f\u660e\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08TDE\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u52a0\u5bc6\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982Oracle TDE\uff09\u3002
\u5b57\u6bb5\u7ea7\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u654f\u611f\u5b57\u6bb5\u5355\u72ec\u52a0\u5bc6\uff08\u5982AES\u52a0\u5bc6\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u53f7\uff09\u3002
\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u654f\u611f\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u4fee\u6539\u5de5\u8d44\u8868\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff09\u3002
\u65e5\u5fd7\u5206\u79bb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b58\u50a8\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u9632\u7be1\u6539\u3002

7.12 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6027\u80fd\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong>
\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>
\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528EXPLAIN\u67e5\u770b\u7d22\u5f15\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u7684SQL\u3002
\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong>
\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d<\/strong>\uff1a\u8c03\u6574\u7f13\u51b2\u6c60\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5927\u5c0f\u3002
\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3001\u9501\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u3002
\u6279\u91cf\u64cd\u4f5c\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>
\u6279\u91cf\u63d2\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528LOAD DATA INFILE\u6216\u591a\u503cINSERT\u3002
\u6279\u91cf\u66f4\u65b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408CASE WHEN\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u6b21\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u65b0\u591a\u884c\u3002

7.13 <\/strong><\/a>\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u7535\u5546\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>
\u9700\u6c42\u5206\u6790<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u8ba2\u5355\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u3002
\u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u4e0b\u5355\u3001\u652f\u4ed8\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u6263\u51cf\u3001\u7269\u6d41\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002
E-R\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>
\u7528\u6237\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237ID\u3001\u59d3\u540d\u3001\u5730\u5740\u3002
\u8ba2\u5355\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba2\u5355ID\u3001\u7528\u6237ID\u3001\u5546\u54c1ID\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u91d1\u989d\u3002
\u5e93\u5b58\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u5546\u54c1ID\u3001\u5e93\u5b58\u91cf\u3001\u7248\u672c\u53f7\uff08\u4e50\u89c2\u9501\uff09\u3002
\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u8ba2\u5355\u5feb\u7167<\/strong>\uff1a\u5197\u4f59\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u4ef7\u683c\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\u53d8\u66f4\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u8be2\u3002

7.14 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/strong>\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u624b\u6bb5\u3002
\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u9700\u6743\u8861\u5206\u7247\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002
\u5b89\u5168\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u6743\u9650\u3001\u52a0\u5bc6\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5f62\u6210\u7eb5\u6df1\u9632\u5fa1\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9700\u6839\u636e\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5982OLTP\u4e0eOLAP\u5dee\u5f02\uff09\u3002
\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u8c03\u4f18\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u7eed2\uff09<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u7eed2\uff09<\/strong>
7.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/strong>
7.4.1 E-R<\/strong><\/a>\u56fe\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong>
\u8f6c\u6362\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>
\u5b9e\u4f53\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f53\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u8868\uff0c\u4e3b\u952e\u4e3a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u4e3b\u7801\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\uff08\u5b66\u53f7\uff0c\u59d3\u540d\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u7cfb\uff09
\u8054\u7cfb\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong>\uff1a
1:1\u8054\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u5408\u5e76\u5230\u4efb\u4e00\u5b9e\u4f53\u8868\u6216\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u8868\u3002
1:N\u8054\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5916\u952e\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u201c\u591a\u201d\u65b9\u8868\u3002
M:N\u8054\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1a\u72ec\u7acb\u6210\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u53cc\u65b9\u4e3b\u952e\u53ca\u8054\u7cfb\u5c5e\u6027\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u9009\u4fee\uff08\u5b66\u53f7\uff0c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53f7\uff0c\u6210\u7ee9\uff09
\u5c5e\u6027\u5904\u7406<\/strong>
\u590d\u5408\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u5982\u201c\u5730\u5740\u201d\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u7701\u3001\u5e02\uff09\u3002
\u591a\u503c\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u5355\u72ec\u5efa\u8868\uff08\u5982\u7535\u8bdd\uff08\u5b66\u53f7\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\uff09\uff09\u3002

7.4.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>
\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u5904\u7406<\/strong>
\u8303\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u6ee1\u8db33NF\u6216BCNF\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u5197\u4f59\u3002
\u53cd\u89c4\u8303\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u9700\u6c42\u4e0b\u9002\u5f53\u5197\u4f59\uff08\u5982\u9884\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b57\u6bb5\uff09\u3002
\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>
\u5206\u89e3\u5197\u4f59\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u62c6\u5206\u9891\u7e41\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5927\u8868\u3002
\u5408\u5e76\u5173\u8054\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u51cf\u5c11JOIN\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u8868\u5197\u4f59\u5546\u54c1\u540d\u79f0\uff09\u3002

7.4.3 <\/strong><\/a>\u7528\u6237\u5b50\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807<\/strong>
\u7b80\u5316\u7528\u6237\u89c6\u56fe\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002
\u652f\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6237\u9700\u6c42\uff08\u5982\u7ba1\u7406\u5c42\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c42\uff09\u3002
\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>
\u89c6\u56fe\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u521b\u5efa\u5b9a\u5236\u89c6\u56fe\u3002
\u5b57\u6bb5\u522b\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e1a\u52a1\u672f\u8bed\u66ff\u4ee3\u6280\u672f\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u3002

7.5 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
\u884c\u5b58\u50a8 vs \u5217\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1aOLTP\u9002\u7528\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\uff0cOLAP\u9002\u7528\u5217\u5b58\u50a8\u3002
\u5206\u533a\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a
\u6c34\u5e73\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u8303\u56f4\u5212\u5206\uff08\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u6309\u5e74\u5206\u533a\uff09\u3002
\u5782\u76f4\u5206\u533a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5206\u79bb\u51b7\u70ed\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u5c06\u5927\u5b57\u6bb5\u5355\u72ec\u5b58\u50a8\uff09\u3002
\u7d22\u5f15\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>
B+\u6811\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u5408\u8303\u56f4\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u6392\u5e8f\u3002
\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u5408\u7b49\u503c\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff09\u3002
\u805a\u7c07\u7d22\u5f15<\/strong>\uff1a\u6309\u4e3b\u952e\u7269\u7406\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002
\u786c\u4ef6\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d<\/strong>
\u5185\u5b58\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u589e\u5927\u7f13\u51b2\u6c60\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u9891\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
\u78c1\u76d8\u89c4\u5212<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u6587\u4ef6\u5206\u79bb\u5b58\u50a8\u3002

7.6 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e0e\u7ef4\u62a4<\/strong>
\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong>
ETL\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Kettle\u6216Informatica\u8fc1\u79fb\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u6279\u91cf\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7LOAD DATA INFILE\u52a0\u901f\u521d\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u5165\u5e93\u3002
\u8bd5\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5<\/strong>
\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002
SQL\u4f18\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7EXPLAIN\u5206\u6790\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u7f3a\u5931\u7d22\u5f15\u3002
\u8fd0\u884c\u7ef4\u62a4<\/strong>
\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u5206\u6790\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4f18\u5316Top SQL\u3002
\u5907\u4efd\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5168\u91cf\u5907\u4efd<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u65e5\u51cc\u6668\u6267\u884c\u3002
\u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u5907\u4efd\u4e8b\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002
\u7248\u672c\u5347\u7ea7<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7070\u5ea6\u53d1\u5e03\u9010\u6b65\u8fc1\u79fb\u65b0\u65e7\u6570\u636e\u3002

7.7 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u903b\u8f91\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u9700\u5e73\u8861\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\uff0cE-R\u56fe\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002
\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong>\u9700\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7d22\u5f15\u7b56\u7565\u3002
\u7ef4\u62a4\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong>\u9700\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u63a7\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u5907\u4efd\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5408\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6237\u5b50\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u6613\u7528\u6027\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002
\u7269\u7406\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u4e0e\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u9700\u53cd\u590d\u8c03\u4f18\u3002
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong>\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u5f52\u7eb3\u6574\u7406\uff1a
\u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 <\/strong><\/a>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong>
8.1 <\/strong><\/a>\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL<\/strong>
\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5<\/strong>
\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982C\u3001Java\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002
\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8bed\u8a00<\/strong>\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u6d41\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff0cSQL\u8d1f\u8d23\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002
\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>
\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8bed\u8a00\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u3002
\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u53d8\u91cf\uff08Host Variable\uff09\u4f20\u9012\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u6267\u884c\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong>\uff1aSQL\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u53d8\u91cf\u8fd4\u56de\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002
\u6e38\u6807\uff08Cursor\uff09<\/strong>
\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u591a\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u9010\u6761\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>\uff1a
\u58f0\u660e\u6e38\u6807\uff1aDECLARE CURSOR\u3002
\u6253\u5f00\u6e38\u6807\uff1aOPEN\u3002
\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1aFETCH\u3002
\u5173\u95ed\u6e38\u6807\uff1aCLOSE\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a
EXEC SQL DECLARE emp_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT ename, salary FROM Employee WHERE dept = 'Sales';
EXEC SQL OPEN emp_cursor;
EXEC SQL FETCH emp_cursor INTO :name, :salary;
\u52a8\u6001SQL<\/strong>
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002
\u8bed\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a
EXEC SQL PREPARE stmt FROM :sql_string;
EXEC SQL EXECUTE stmt;

8.2 <\/strong><\/a>\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08Stored Procedure\uff09<\/strong>
\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f18\u52bf<\/strong>
\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684SQL\u4ee3\u7801\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u540d\u79f0\u8c03\u7528\u3002
\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u8f93\u5f00\u9500\u3002
\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u6027\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002
\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u3002
PL\/SQL\u5757\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>
CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name (\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868)
BEGIN
\u00a0 — SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u63a7\u5236<\/em>
\u00a0 DECLARE\u53d8\u91cf;
\u00a0 IF\u6761\u4ef6 THEN
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 — \u64cd\u4f5c<\/em>
\u00a0 END IF;
\u00a0 FOR\u5faa\u73af…
END;
\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8f6c\u8d26\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>
CREATE PROCEDURE transfer(
\u00a0 IN from_account CHAR(10),
\u00a0 IN to_account CHAR(10),
\u00a0 IN amount DECIMAL
)
BEGIN
\u00a0 START TRANSACTION;
\u00a0 UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance – amount WHERE account_id = from_account;
\u00a0 UPDATE Accounts SET balance = balance + amount WHERE account_id = to_account;
\u00a0 COMMIT;
END;
\u8c03\u7528\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>
\u8c03\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aCALL transfer('A001', 'A002', 1000);
\u5220\u9664<\/strong>\uff1aDROP PROCEDURE transfer;

8.3 ODBC<\/strong><\/a>\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong>
ODBC\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>
\u9a71\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\u3002
\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684API\u8c03\u7528\u3002
\u6570\u636e\u6e90\uff08DSN\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u914d\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982MySQL\u3001Oracle\uff09\u3002
\u7f16\u7a0b\u6b65\u9aa4<\/strong>
\u5206\u914d\u73af\u5883\u53e5\u67c4<\/strong>\uff1aSQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, …)\u3002
\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1aSQLConnect()\u6216SQLDriverConnect()\u3002
\u6267\u884cSQL<\/strong>\uff1aSQLExecDirect()\u6216\u9884\u7f16\u8bd1\u8bed\u53e5\u3002
\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002
\u65ad\u5f00\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1aSQLDisconnect()\u3002
\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u4f2a\u4ee3\u7801\uff09<\/strong>
SQLHENV env;
SQLAllocHandle(SQL_HANDLE_ENV, SQL_NULL_HANDLE, &env);
SQLConnect(env, \"DSN=MyDB;UID=user;PWD=pass\");
SQLExecDirect(\"SELECT * FROM Employees\", …);
SQLFetch(…); \/\/ \u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/em>
SQLDisconnect(env);

8.4 <\/strong><\/a>\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/strong>
\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u6e38\u6807\u4e0e\u4e3b\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u590d\u6742\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7406\u3002
\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u590d\u7528\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3002
ODBC<\/strong>\u63d0\u4f9b\u8de8\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u9a71\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002
\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a
\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0fSQL\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u672f\u3002
ODBC\/JDBC\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u638c\u63e1\u57fa\u672c\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002
\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u7eea\u8bba1.1 \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u6982\u8ff0\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u6570\u636e\uff08Data\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u6210\u7ee9\u3001\u4f53\u91cd\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08DB\uff09\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u53ef\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u5197\u4f59\u5ea6\u4f4e\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u6613\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\u529f\u80fd\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u64cd\u7eb5\u3001\u4e8b\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u7b49\u3002\u4f4d\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u662f\u6838\u5fc3\u57fa\u7840\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBS\uff09\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93 + DBMS + \u5e94\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf + \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff08DBA\uff09\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u5de5\u7ba1\u7406\u9636\u6bb5\uff0820\u4e16\u7eaa40-50\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u4fdd\u5b58\u3001\u4e0d\u5171\u4eab\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u9636\u6bb5\uff0850-60\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\uff0c\u4f46\u5197\u4f59\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5dee\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u9636\u6bb5\uff0860\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff09\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u9ad8\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u5f3a\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\uff08\u9762\u5411\u5168\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\uff09\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5171\u4eab\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u5197\u4f59\u5ea6\u4f4e\uff0c\u6613\u6269\u5145\u3002\u6570\u636e\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u9ad8\uff08\u7269\u7406\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff09\u3002\u6570\u636e\u7531DBMS\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u5e76\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u6062\u590d\uff09\u3002 1.2 \u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u6a21\u578b\uff09\uff1a\u6309\u7528\u6237\u89c6\u89d2\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5982E-R\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u673a\u5668\u89c6\u89d2\uff09\uff1a\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u7f51\u72b6\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u7b49\u3002\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u8981\u7d20\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u3002\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u5220\u9664\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u6982\u5ff5\u6a21\u578b\uff08E-R\u6a21\u578b\uff09\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u8054\u7cfb\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08Entity\uff09\uff1a\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u751f\u3001\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff09\u3002\u5c5e\u6027\uff08Attribute\uff09\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u5982\u5b66\u53f7\u3001\u59d3\u540d\uff09\u3002\u7801\uff08Key\uff09\uff1a\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u96c6\u3002\u8054\u7cfb\uff08Relationship\uff09\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff081:1\u30011:N\u3001M:N\uff09\u3002E-R\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u5b9e\u4f53\uff1a\u77e9\u5f62\u6846\uff1b\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a\u692d\u5706\uff1b\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u83f1\u5f62\uff08\u6807\u6ce8\u8054\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u5c42\u6b21\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u6811\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u552f\u4e00\uff0c\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u3002\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\uff1b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u8054\u7cfb\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u3002\u7f51\u72b6\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u5141\u8bb8\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u7f3a\u70b9\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u96be\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u8868\uff08\u884c\uff1a\u5143\u7ec4\uff1b\u5217\uff1a\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u3002\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u518d\u5206\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\uff09\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3001\u7528\u6237\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002 1.3 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